A point cloud is a collection of points representing a digital 3D space in a 3D coordinate system. A 3D Point Cloud essentially presents an accurate digital record of a physical object. The point clouds can produce efficient 3D meshes and other 3D modelling for important application in engineering, 3D gaming, architecture, medical imaging, virtual reality (VR), and more.
Depending on the sensors used, and the method employed in collecting the clouds, each data point may include RGB colour data, or intensity information. The data shows the strength of the returning laser pulse that created the point. The 3D point clouds occur on the external surfaces of the object, with radiant light rays from the scanner to the object producing the spots. A more precise object representation implies that the points are denser in the point clouds.
A laser scanner is a survey-grade system comprising different sensors and technologies. Our measured surveyors in Brighton rely on a lidar sensor that uses rapid laser pulses to capture thousands of accurate measurements per second. A lot of laser scanners include an RGB camera to add colour to the point cloud. Various types of laser scanners exist, with each designed for a specified range of applications. For instance, you would need a terrestrial laser scanner to produce point clouds with exceptionally high accuracy for a specialised application, like analysing floor flatness, measuring beam deflection, or capturing a single object like a car with absolute high accuracy.
Similarly, a mobile laser scanner with up to 4mm accuracy can enable you capture point clouds as you walk. Because of their speed, these scanners are ideal for the documentation of most building projects since they reduce the overall cost per square unit. The high speed is also ideal for mapping active sites such as factories, which only allows a small window of time for capturing workflow.